Detroit, May 23, 2025 — Results of the 25th annual North American Automotive OEM-Supplier Working Relations Index® (WRI®) Study that evaluates relations between U.S. automakers and their suppliers were released today by Plante Moran.
The study shows three of the six OEMs improved overall relationships while managing unprecedented market volatility due to changing government policies, EV program cancellations and the threat of new low-cost Chinese entries, uncertain sales volumes, and continued tensions over cost recovery issues related to materials and tooling.
This year’s WRI® scores show Toyota, Honda, and General Motors capitalizing on their market strength and established relationships to better help suppliers manage costs, risks, and uncertainty. They finished first, second, and third, respectively, distancing themselves from Nissan, Ford, and Stellantis.
Toyota jumped 18 points to 386, which puts the automaker alone in the upper “good-very good” category — Toyota’s highest score in the WRI since 2007 when they topped out at 415. Honda gained three points and scored 347. GM gained 11 points coming in at 310, rising above 300 for the first time. This is especially noteworthy, given that 20 years ago, the company placed last with a WRI score of only 114, the lowest score ever recorded in the study. GM now ranks in third place behind Honda and Toyota (see full WRI graph below).
However, Nissan fell six points to 249. Ford also fell six points year over year, keeping the company in fifth place. Stellantis dropped 11 points and remains in last place at 141. Between Toyota and Stellantis, there is a gap of 245 points — the largest gap since 2008.
Costs to serve, uncertainty define OEM-supplier relationships
“Suppliers want balanced financial risk, and they want to know where they fit in OEMs’ future market strategies so they can align accordingly,” said Dr. Angela Johnson, principal in Plante Moran’s management consulting supplier relations analytics. “They perceive OEM behaviors — fairness, equity, accountability, and then trust — through the impact of OEM decisions to their bottom line. What separates the top three from the bottom three OEMs is their ability to help suppliers reduce their costs to serve the OEM and manage uncertainty.”
OEMs in the top three score better in the basics: communication, responsiveness, accessibility, engagement, and buyer knowledge. “These skills help suppliers operate more efficiently and, in turn, create strong relationships,” said Johnson. “Stronger relationships enable OEMs and suppliers to work together and better navigate industry uncertainty with more equitable risk and cost sharing.”
“With all the challenges and conflicts automakers are facing and their suppliers this past year, it’s not surprising that some automakers dropped even further in their WRI scores because the WRI reflects the tangible and intangible costs to serve any individual customer,” said Dave Andrea, principal in Plante Moran’s strategy and automotive and mobility consulting practice. “It’s all about balancing and aligning the various functional demands of the OEM — purchasing, manufacturing, engineering, design, finance — so there are fewer conflicting demands on the supplier and the OEMs’ team members.”
Top takeaways from the WRI® Study
The Plante Moran team identified several prominent themes derived from the survey results. Among them are:
- Established relationships propelled the top three OEMs’ gains. Suppliers reported feeling like a true partner 12 times more for the top three OEMs versus the bottom three OEMs. “The top three OEMs were able to lean on established relationships to jointly address with suppliers economic and industry chaos, creating more win-win outcomes,” Johnson noted.
- Fundamentals come first. Trust is an outcome. According to the study, relationships improve when it’s easier to work together. Top performers improved fundamental behaviors and processes by having:
- Purchasing VPs be more present and engaged.
- Buyers be more accessible, knowledgeable, and responsive.
- Payments made in a timely manner.
- Regular, open discussions about supplier strategic planning.
- Consistency, predictability, and alignment of strategic goals lower the perceived risk and cost to serve, and drive customer of choice. Tracking their WRI score, Toyota, Honda, and General Motors remain first, second, and third, respectively, in Customer of Choice. Toyota and Honda have these attributes entrenched in their cultures, and GM is making gains in its culture as it continues to push back on lingering “old school” behaviors. However, Toyota and Honda face the challenge of maintaining those values as North American operations become more westernized. Toyota will be further tested this year with its first North American purchasing leadership change in 14 years.
“Overall, OEMs that effectively address consistency, predictability, and alignment of strategic goals are generally stronger, more profitable, and become customers of choice for suppliers. And because of their mutual dependency, these attributes are good for the suppliers too,” said Andrea.
About the WRI® Study
For the 25th year, the 2025 North American Automotive OEM-Tier 1 Supplier Working Relations Index® Study was conducted by Plante Moran from mid-February to mid-April. Respondents are executives from Tier-1 suppliers serving Ford, General Motors, Honda, Nissan, Stellantis, and Toyota. The annual study tracks supplier perceptions of working relations with their automaker customers in which they rate them on the eight major purchasing areas across 20 commodity areas.
The respondents to the survey were 665 supplier executives from 398 unique Tier-1 suppliers. This number of responses represents an estimated 45% of the six OEMs’ North America annual purchases. The sales personnel provided data on 2,014 buying situations (e.g., one supplier responding can sell into multiple components groups of one OEM, such as chassis parts and powertrain for two buying situations). Demographically, the supplier respondents represent 36 of the top 50 North American suppliers, and 68 of the top 100 North American suppliers.
The study was founded in 2001 by Dr. John Henke, CEO of Planning Perspectives, Inc., and acquired by Plante Moran in 2019, since then led by Dave Andrea, principal in Plante Moran’s strategy and automotive and mobility consulting practice. Andrea will retire on June 30 and will pass on the responsibility for conducting and analyzing this industry-leading study to Dr. Angela Johnson, who joined Plante Moran in March 2025. Johnson brings 30 years of automotive experience at General Motors across multiple functions. Most recently, she led the business intelligence and data analytics team for GM’s global purchasing and supply chain. She completed her PhD in industrial engineering at Wayne State in 2024, culminating with a dissertation on OEM-supplier relationships. The six automakers at the focus of the study follow the results carefully as the attributes measured by the WRI® Study directly correlate to the benefits of high-functioning supplier partnerships, including competitive pricing, investment in innovation and technology, and reduced operating costs. These benefits contribute to OEM operating profits and competitive strength.
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About Plante Moran
Plante Moran is among the nation’s largest audit, tax, consulting, and wealth management firms and provides a full line of services to organizations in the following industries: manufacturing and distribution, financial services, service, healthcare, private equity, public sector, real estate, construction, and energy. Since the firm’s 100-plus years in business, Plante Moran has grown to a staff of nearly 4,000 professionals throughout the United States with international offices in Shanghai, China; Mumbai, India; Tokyo, Japan; and Monterrey, Mexico. Plante Moran has been recognized by a number of organizations, including Fortune magazine, as one of the country’s best places to work. For more information, visit plantemoran.com.
